Final Digipak

Here is my final digipak:

Final Music Video

My final edit. I decided to change my video to black and white, the reason for this was because I wanted my digipak, magazine advert and music video to all complement each other and black and white is a theme they all now have in common.

Evaluation Q3 - What have you learned from your audience feedback?

Evaluation Q2 - How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary texts?

Click the link below for the audio version of Q2.
Evaluation Q2 - Soundcloud

TRANSCRIPT:

The combination between my music video and my ancillary texts is extremely effective. A main theme that I decided to go by was black and white. All the texts I have created are in black and white. The reason I chose to do this is because it gives off quite a grungy vibe, while still looking appealing to the eye. Many music videos of the same genre to mine have incorporated a black and white theme, therefore I thought it would be a good idea to use it, in order to fit into that genre. Also, by making my texts black and white, they now compliment each other a lot better and look as if they are meant to be together.

My music video contains only performance from the band. This can relate to my magazine advert and my digipak, which both include pictures of the band. I've gone for a simple stripped down approach to my texts, which is what a lot of artists of my genre have done also. Rather than doing narratives or having random pictures of irrelevant things, I have focused on the band itself, which I believe has been really effective and gives the viewer of my texts exactly what they need and no more.

I also used mise en scene to help my texts to work well eachother. For example, the clothing that the band are wearing within my music video is very similar to the band picture on my magazine advert, and also pictures on my digipak panels. The effect this has is that the texts now look like they belong together, which is a good marketing technique.

By making all of my texts similar, they mutually benefit one another, and I believe that they would be able to market extremely effectively with one another in a synergic way.

Evaluation Q4 - How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning and evaluation stages?

There are many ways in which I used new media products in the construction, research, planning and evaluation stages. One of the media products I have have used throughout all of the stages of my portfolio is Blogger, I used this program to basically keep all my work organised and presented well. I have had experience with Blogger in the past so there was no hassle when it came to using it, .

Google was useful when it came to researching different genres in the research stages, and it helped me find out what genre my music video was going to fit into. It is extremely easy to use and it gets you results quick which is helpful. Another media technology I used, mostly in the research and planning stages was Youtube. I was already familiar with how to use it. Youtube came in handy when I needed to analyse music videos of the same genre to mine, in order to find the typical conventions of them. Not only that, I also used Youtube for the upload of my music video, as I needed a platform to have my video on in order to embed it into my blog. I was finding it difficult to select a track for my music video, which is when Youtube helped a lot. It had a number of suggested tracks along the side, so I just searched through them until I found the track that I thought would be great to use.

In the actual construction of my music video, I chose to use an SLR camera. The reason for this is because they produce professional looking high quality videos, which is what I needed for my video to look good. In order to stop the camera from shaking on the non-handheld shots, I used a tripod. By doing this the camera did not shake while recording, producing sturdy footage that was ready for editing.

Adobe Premiere Pro was the main program I used in the editing stages of my music video, as it was the software I used to edit my video together. Adobe Premiere Pro is a professional software that enables you to produce high quality videos without a lot of hassle. It wasn't the first time I had used Premiere Pro, so it was easy to get into the editing.

To create my digipak and magazine advert, I used Adobe Photoshop. I decided to use Photoshop as it is the most professional photo editing software that is used by professional photographers, therefore I knew it would produce good results if I used it right. I was unfamiliar with how to get around Photoshop at first, but after using Youtube to watch some tutorial videos I could navigate my way around Photoshop with ease, and it paid off as my digipak and magazine advert came out looking really good.

Audience Feedback - Digipak

I asked some people about what they thought of my digipak, and they gave me some feedback on the good points and points that could be improved. I was highly praised about the pictures used on each panel, they said they looked very artistic which I was happy about. Someone stated that one of the panels looked a different type of black and white to the others, however this can be easily mended within Photoshop. Overall, people were impressed by my digipak and I'm pleased that I don't have to change it too much.

Storyboard

As I have decided my music video is going to be fully performance based, a chronological storyboard would show a lot of the same shots in as it is not a narrative video where every shot is completely different. Therefore I have made my storyboard to show the different types of shots that I will include within my music video:

Digipak Mock Drawing

Here is a quick sketch of a digipak that I drew so I would have some idea of what pictures to have on each panel.

Audience Feedback - Magazine Advert

I got feedback from a number of people for my magazine advert on what was good about it and what needed improving. I was praised for the black and white theme I had used on my magazine advert, as it was appealing to the eye, it also corresponded well with my digipak, which also has a black and white theme. Someone said that I needed to change the top font to another font, as it looked a little too cartoon-like and not professional enough. Also, I was told the website name at the very bottom of the advert needed to be made more central within the grey box in order to make my advert even more appealing. Overall, people we're impressed with my magazine advert.

Audience Feedback - Music Video

I got feedback from my peers on what was good about the video and what should be changed. They said that the lighting in my video was well done, and they also liked the fact I had had a variety of shots within my video, making it more interesting to view. I also got some creative criticism back from the audience. They said that there were a few shots in my video that were a little too dark, although this can easily be fixed using Adobe Premiere Pro. Also, uploading the video to Youtube somehow did not fit the footage to the screen, this can be simply fixed however by changing the rendering of the video on Youtube. Someone also suggested that I should change the music video to black and white, this way it would fit perfectly with my digipak and magazine advert. I thought this was a great idea. Overall, feedback was good for my music video.

Draft Digipak Panels

Evaluation Q1 - In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

Target Audience Research

To gather my target audience research, I put together a questionnaire in order to gain sufficient knowledge about my target audience. Here were the results.

The first question I asked was how old are you? Two people were 12-15, three were 15-16, eight were 16-18 and two were 18-20.

I then asked what genre's that person listened to. Five people said rock, three said hip hop, two said pop and five said dance.

The next question I asked is whether they preferred narrative, performance or a mixture of both in music videos. Five people preferred narrative, four people performance and six people preferred a mixture of both.

How often do you watch music videos? This was the next question I asked. The answers were, eleven people said a lot, four people said a little and no one said never.

 When you hear the track (Red Hot Chili Peppers - Suck My Kiss) what emotions do you feel? This was the question I asked next. The answers I received were: happy, sad, energetic, upbeat, good and motivated.

The final question I asked was do you like a music video to relate to the song or not? Nine people said yes, six said no.

I have decided to aim my music video at people of the ages 15 to 25.

Research Analysis Task 2 - Digipaks

The first digipak I shall analysing is Rock The Kasbah by some various artists. The first thing that stands out to me about this digipak is the contrast of colours. On the outside of the digipak three main colours are used, black, white and red. These three colours go extremely nicely together and red font on the black and white background stands out nicely. This digipak features a track list on the back panel, a bar code and also a paragraph of thanks to whoever created the album. When you take a look at the inside panels, the colour scheme changes. The bold red writing is still kept the same on the inside panels, they also feature colour pictures of the various artists on the album therefore is in the centre. The middle panel shows a photograph of  a man who I presume is quite important to this album. The digipak obviously also includes the CD panel, which has a colourful blue and yellow backdrop behind it.

The second digipak that I'm analysing is Hand on String, which is the film and television score composer Michael Andrew's debut album. The colours seem to spring off the digipak at first glance, which is effective as it will catch the eye of buyers. The inside panels of the digipak feature two panels which have drawings of colourful houses of all shapes and sizes on them. The houses are drawn in such a way that it makes them look like they have eyes, personifying them and adding a bit of flare to this digipak. The final panel on the inside is the CD panel. Even the CD itself goes along with the bright colour scheme. The outside panels have the name of the album that has been constructed by putting different drawings of objects and shapes together, forming the album title. This gives of a quirky vibe to the album. Spread across the other two panels, is a drawing of a guitar and two arms holding onto the instrument's one string. This directly fits with the title, Hand on String. A bar code is featured in the bottom right of one of the panels, and the track listing is just beneath the neck of the guitar drawing.

Costume Planning

The costumes that the band will be dressed in are typical clothing for a band of this genre. They will wear typical rebellious teenage clothes for example t-shirts and ripped jeans. This type of clothing will fit the genre of my video nicely. The band will not be over dressed as it would not fit in the genre I'm doing.

Actor/performer decisions

Singer
I have decided to chose Liam as my singer as he is already in a band with myself so he will be extremely easy to work with. Also he fits the image of a singer and looks like he is in a band. Anther thing about Liam is that he has a lot of confidence, so will not be scared when faced with a camera.


Guitarist
The guitarist I have chosen is Tom because he is an extremely good guitar player so he will have no trouble playing the song I'm going to use for my video. He is also the guitarist in my band therefore will be easy to work with. Tom also fits the look of being in a band which will make my music video look a lot more professional.


Bassist
The bassist in the music video will be myself, as I play bass in a band. Although this will present a few dilemmas, for example how will i film myself while playing. The solution is I will have to use a tripod while the camera is filming me.


Drummer 
The drummer in the video, Jacs, will also be from my band. Like the others, he will be easy to work with and looks like he should be in a band.

Final Magazine Advert

Intentions for video

My whole video will be based on performance. It will be filmed in my band's usual practise area, this will make it easier for me as the drum kit we use is already there. The room will be made dark, and I will set up lighting, which will create a nice lighting to shoot in. I will film 5 takes of the whole song. One of the whole band, and then 4 individual takes of each band member. This will allow me to cut inbetween them and hopefully it will look really effective. I will shoot in a number of different shots including close ups, long shots, mid shots etc. This will make my video a lot more interesting to watch.

Email Permission

Brainstorming

Props Preparation

Most of the props I will be using are to do with the performance. I will have 1 electric guitar and amp, 1 bass guitar and amp, 1 drum kit, a microphone with stand and amp. I also may purchase some posters to put on the walls of the location I am filming. I will also be using lighting for my video.

Draft Edit

Risk Assessment

There are a few risks that I may encounter during my time filming my music video. As I am using lighting for when I'm filming the band performing, there will be a lot of cables. This causes a risk as the band may trip over these cables. To reduce this risk, I will make sure all the cables are out of the way during the performance of the band. There is also another risk to do with lighting. If the lights are left on for too long, there is a chance that something may catch fire. Too reduce this risk, I will turn the light off in between filming. Heavy equipment will be used in the setting up of the location, this presents a risk as the equipment may be dropped on body parts etc. I will reduce this risk by taking extra care when carrying heavy equipment.

Track

The track that my music video will accompany is Suck My Kiss by The Red Hot Chili Peppers. There are a few reasons why I have chosen this song. One of those is because my band, who are performing in the music video, all know how to play this song therefore it will look much more professional when the video is put together and all the right notes are played. Another reason is because is is quite short (3:39), this will benefit me as I will not take as long on filming and editing than say a 6 minute song.

Research Analysis Task 2 - Advertisements

 The first advertisement I'm analysing is Foster The People and their release of their debut album Torches. The first thing that stands out about this advert is the abstract artwork. The advert shows  drawings of people, some of which are holding torches and some have torches replacing their heads. The art relates to the actual name of the album 'Torches', which is a clever technique that I may be able to apply to one of my texts. It also features the band name 'Foster the People' in capital letters at the very top of the advert where anyone looking at the poster can see it. The band name would be one of the first things people see when they look at the advert, which would cause the person viewing the poster to know straight away what the band's name is. It also gives us information about the album, for example it tells us when it's going to be released, which is a simple marketing technique so people know when to buy the album. It also includes a quote from a review of the album by NME, this would cause more people to want to purchase the album as a renowned magazine has quoted them within their pages. At the very bottom of the album advert, it features the band's website so people can find out about the band, and also so people can buy their music directly off their website.

 The next advert I'm analysing is Seasick Steve's 'You can't teach an old dog new tricks'. The advert is mostly in black and white, which creates cohesion with the album theme of an 'old dog', blak and white also looks appealing to the eye. At the top of the advertisement is Seasick Steve's name in big yellow writing, so it stands out and people will straight away know who this advert is about. It also features a picture of Steve himself, this is so people can put a face to the music. Along the right side of the advert, it features the price of the album (£4.49) and that it is only available at that price for a limited time only. This would cause more people to buy the album as they would feel the need to get it quickly so it's cheaper for them, a clever marketing technique. The advert also states where the album is available to buy so people can purchase it with ease. Quotes from magazines that have written reviews about the album are also featured, these are positive quotes saying things like 'a masterclass', this would sway people towards buying the album as they would want to hear for themselves how good it really is. This particular album advertisement has a nice old-school style to it, and I think the older audiences would be the ones who would be most drawn to this advert.

Jack White's Blunderbuss is the next album advertisement I shall analyse. The advert features Jack White's name and album name at the top in bold lettering which you cannot miss. This is to inform people straight away who this advert is about. A picture of Jack White is centered, in order to put a face to the music much like the Seasick Steve album. It also mentions the date of when the album comes out, this is a key piece of information as people will need to know when they can purchase the album. One thing about this advert that sets it apart from the rest is the colour. It has a very blue theme which gives off a gloomy, rainy day effect. This could maybe relate to the musical mood of the album. Also Jack White writes and performs a lot of Blues songs, so the colour scheme goes along with his genre of music. There is mention of the album being his debut album, this could entice people in as they may have never heard of him before and could be intrigued to what he sounds like, therefore they may buy the album. This advertisement is extremely simple and has a great minimal style, but has all the information it needs on it, making it extremely easy for someone to know how to get hold of his music.  

Industry Research

Red Hot Chili Peppers

• RHCP signed to EMI, which is a record label based in London and New York and one of the big four.
• This was a good company for RHCP to sign to because it would have got their name out there, as bands such as the Beatles and Pink Floyd have also been signed to this label.
• After their fourth album, they signed to Warner Music Group, also one of the big four record labels. This was a good move for the band as they did things a lot differently to their first label, good things, which is why they have stayed with Warner to this day.

Genre Research

Hip Hop
The genre hip hop began in the Bronx in New York City, and quickly spread through the rest of New York. The hip hop culture was mainly among the young African Americans and other Black youth mostly from the Caribbean during the 1970's. They say hip hop is characterised by 4 elements not necessarily all to do with music.

1. Rap music. 
2. DJing.
3. Break dancing.
4. Graffiti art.

Since hip hop began, it has spread throughout the urban and suburban communities throughout the world.

Rock
Rock is a genre of popular music which originated from rock n roll in the United States in the 1950's. It is a genre that is centred around the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group including other instruments such as Bass and Drums. One of the main things about Rock is that it is focused largely on live performance and musicianship. Many different other styles of music stemmed from rock, for example blues rock, folk rock and country rock.

Punk
Punk rock is a genre of music that developed in the United Kingdom and the United States between 1974 and 1976. Punk bands created fast paced, loud music, typically with short songs. By late 1976, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones were the names you thought of when someone said the word punk. These band were seen as the pioneers of punk music. Punk influenced the young people so much that it was no longer just a genre of music but a movement, it created a sense of rebellion against 'the man'.

Research Analysis Task 2 - Music Videos

The Orwells - The Righteous One (Official Music Video)

I chose this music video to analyse because of its unique style. The video is directed by Eddie O'Keefe, who often makes music videos for bands of the indie-rock genre. This video has no narrative whatsoever. This is nice simple idea that I may consider using for my own music video. The whole video is in black and white, which relates to the serious mood and message of the song. The video begins with a still of the bands name and name of the song (The Orwells - The Righteous One) which is a nice way to start the video as the viewer will know what the band call themselves and they will now also be able to search their name for more music if they enjoyed this particular video. The video features close ups of the bands instruments while they are playing them, an effective technique used in many videos. It also has many close ups of the band's faces, especially the lead singer who sings directly to the camera, which is effective as it makes it seem as though he is addressing the audience directly and trying to give the viewer a message of some kind. Whats interesting about this video is they merge a lot of footage of the band mates together as they are playing for example:

This is a simple but extremely effective technique which looks really good and fits well with the music. To cut in between shots, the fading effect is used, what this does is makes the video flow a bit more than if the cuts were just straight to the next. Also, the fade effect looks really good with the merged images. At one point in the video two different videos of the lead singer are put together on the screen. This creates a nice effect which looks like two people are singing at you, reinforcing the message of the song. The lighting is this video has obviously been well thought about. The placement of the lights have made it so you can only see the band members and their instruments, this will also be down to the black background. The effect this has is that it makes them look isolated, like it is just the band and their instruments. I like this style of video because it's such a simple idea, but it comes across looking really professional. The good thing about creating a video like this would be that it would not be economically straining, and would not take as much time to film.

Mac Demarco - Ode to Viceroy (Official Music Video)

The next video I have chosen to analyse is Ode to Viceroy by Mac Demarco:

This music video is directed by Jasper Baydala who has an extremely unique style of filming music videos. The video is shot using an old retro camcorder, which is rare for a music video but if done in the right way looks extremely effective and fits nicely into the 'indie' look. At the beginning of the music video, the song name 'Viceroy' is in the centre of the screen, so people know the name of the song. Throughout the whole video a fish-eye lens is used on the camera. What this does is add to the indie-retro effect, and sets it apart from other videos, keeping the watcher interested as they may have never seen a video like this before. Within the music video, there are cutaways to different objects. For example a packet of 'Viceroy' cigarettes, which is what this song is about, showing cohesion between the lyrics and the video itself.

The video features random footage of the singer Mac in his everyday routine, for example him driving around and going to his local shops. This is a nice twist to a music video, as it's a narrative, but of Mac Demarco's actual life. This would be good for Demarco's fans, as they get a real insight into his life. This video is also focused a lot on the editing, for example they're are a few times in the video where videos have been edited onto a picture frame to make it look as if the pictures are moving. This adds to the whole bizarreness of the video, and again keeps it a lot more interesting to watch. Between cuts, a lot of the time fade in and outs are used, this makes the video look a lot nicer to look at as it is more pleasing to the eye than just straight cuts. On the whole, this video succeeds in giving off the retro-indie look, and really goes along nicely with the song itself.

Nirvana - Slither (Official Music Video)

The next video I'm going to analyse is Slither by Nirvana:

This music video is performance based only, and features all the Nirvana members rocking out in a bedroom. The whole video is shot using the technique of a shaky handheld camera, this is effective as it fits perfectly with the song and it's genre which is extremely anarchic. The video includes lots of out of focus, uneasy close ups of Kurt Cobain singing into the camera. What this does is it makes you feel like he is singing directly to you, which makes the video a lot more interesting to view. A couple of times in the video high angle shots are also used on Kurt Cobain. Usually they are used to make the person in shot look vulnerable and powerless, but I think that Cobain gives off the opposite effect. Instead, he looks like he doesn't care about the people looking down on him, which is one of the main things grunge is about, not caring. There are cutaways to random objects for instance posters and statues, which will be filmed in close up then quickly zoomed out, which adds to the messy feel of this video. The lighting in the video is very white and natural, it looks like there is just light coming through the bedroom window, giving off the effect that the band are just playing music in a bedroom, not in a studio. The camera also cuts to close ups of the guitar and drums, which is typical for a rock music video and is something I will use in my music video. There is also points in the video where the camera cuts away to a baby dancing and crawling around, which adds to the weird, random side of this video because it seems out of place. Towards the end of the video, the cuts get faster, which is accompanied by the band messing up the room, showing the destructiveness of grunge music. The video seems to get more wild as it goes along, like a snowball rolling down a hill. Then finally the screen goes black at the end, hitting you in the face and leaving you wondering about what just happened. Overall this video goes extremely well with the song and the grunge genre.

 

 


 

How to study music videos - Steve Archer

Steve Archer has come up with 5 ways in which to study music videos.


1. 'Thought beats' or sounds in your head.

• He believes that synisthesia is central to understanding as they build on the soundtracks visual associations in order to connect with the audience and provide that additional pleasure.

• He says you must start with the music. Don't analyse the lyrics word for word but rather consider the way they introduce a general feeling or mood.

•  If songs are stories, then the singer is the storyteller, this makes music videos stand out on TV, this is because there is a first person mode of address rather than the 'fourth wall' of TV narration.

2. Narrative and performance.

•  Songs rarely tell complete narratives, we often get hints of a story, like some drama unfolding.

• Another reason music videos should avoid narrative is because of their role in advertising. They need to have repeatability built in. We need to be able to watch them repeatedly in a casual way, with a loose approach to storytelling.
• Music videos will often cut between narrative and performance from the artist, in addition there may be a choreographed dance from the artist also.
• At times, the artist may even be part of the narrative.

3. The star image.

• The music business relies on a few big name stars to fund its activities, it usually fails to connect with audiences though - only one out of ten acts put out by the industry actually makes money.
• Meta narratives play a key part in the music video process, its the term that describes the developement of a star image over time. 
• Meta-narratives of star image are not simply a matter of manipulation, but a dialogue or negotiation of what the music business asserts about their star, and what we accept.

4. Three ways in which music videos relate visuals to the song.

• Music videos can illustrate the meaning of the lyrics and genre.
• With all advertising, the most persistent type of video adds to the value of a song. Amplification is seen as the true mark of the music video auteur, the director as an artist, and an increasingly common way to view music video creatives.
• Disjuncture is the term used to describe music videos that are not related to the true meaning of the song in any way (usually intentionally).

5. Technical aspects of music video.

• The last aspect to study is technical. This include camerawork, movement and angle, mise-en-scene, editing, and sound.
•  Speed. Speed is visualised by camera movement, fast editing (montage) and digital effects, camera, editing and post-production digital effects 
• Meat! The meat of most music videos is the cut to the close-up of the singer's face. -3. Beats! Often, the video will try and represent the music through the use of the cut to go with the beat or key rhythm.  
• Lighting and colour may also be used to emphasise key moments in the song, using methods from lighting live performances for dramatic effect. 
• Mise-en-scene - obviously the setting for music videos is important, often to guarantee the authenticity of the clip rather than anything else.

 

Music Video and Digipak

The music video i've chosen to analyse is Wake Bake Skate by Fidlar. The camera for the video is a mixture of close ups of the band, it also includes mid shots and long shots. In the video, the band are sand surfing, so the camera also follows them as they go down the sand dunes. For mise en scene, the band are all dressed in desert clothing that would typically be warn in hot desert countries. The main focus in this video though is the editing. The video is edited quite extremely with effects such as negative, and a lot of colours are added to the video which also makes it very dream-like. At the start of the video there is also a fake explosion that is edited badly on purpose as a kind of joke, maybe to mock big blockbuster action movies.

The digipak I have chosen to analyse is Snoop Dogg and Dam Funk's 7 Days of Funk album.

 The digipak features artwork from the cartoonist Lawrence Hubbard, the art incorporates vibrant colours and also cartoon versions of the artists. The colours and cartoons fit the genre of this album which is G-Funk, as funk is usually associated with bright colours. It has a wide age range reaching from adults to teenagers. The reason for such a vast age range is that both artists have been around for quite some time now but they have, especially Snoop Dogg, always been within the mainstream due to being signed to Stones Throw records.

The package also contain pictures of the artists. Snoop Dogg holding a microphone to represent him being the rapper, and Dam Funk on his DJ decks showing that he created the music for this album. In the very centre of the digipak is where the CD itself clicks in place.

The back of the digipak features the track listing.

Directors Research Task

One of the directors I have studied is Jasper Baydala. All of the music videos  he has directed are very original and creative. He tends to shoot with a fisheye lens and the camera is a lot older than your standard 1080p. He has shot a range of artists from rap to rock. I like the unique style he uses as it really sets his videos apart from the rest, which I think is extremely important because videos these days can be really repetitive.

The next director(s) I have studied are the duo Scott Cudmore and Michael Leblanc. The duo are based in Toronto and the music videos they direct tend to be unique and innovative. They have made videos for a lot of artists including Metz, Bahamas and Wooden Sky. Their videos are seen to be as extremely random with no story line. The main focus of their videos is around the editing. They use a technique where the go from fast cutting to slow cutting, which looks extremely effective, especially with heavy band such as Metz. The lighting that they use in their videos is usually very bright, and because there videos are quite in your face the harsh, bright lighting adds to that.

 

 

Codes and Conventions of Music Video - Peter Fraser

Camerawork

Fraser said that camerawork has a direct impact on meaning. He said that camera movement, angle and shot distance all must be carefully analysed. For example camera movement may follow the movements of the performers, or be used to create a more dynamic, artistic feel to the video by using concepts like continuously circling a band while they perform.

He states that the close up predominates. This is partly because of the screen size and also partly to create a sense of intimacy for the viewer. John Stewart of Oil Factory said that he sees the music video as being like a TV commercial, with close ups advertising the artist's face.

Editing

Music videos most commonly use a fast cut montage form of editing, but there are some videos which are exceptions to this as they use very slow pace cuts and transitions to set the mood. This type of editing is prominently present in big female artists with a broad audience, such as Dido.

Digital effects are often used in music videos to offer different kinds of pleasure to the audience. Effects such as CGI, colourisation and split screens.

Star Image

Like Dyer, Fraser also speaks about star image, which I mention in the post I did about Dyer.


Voyeurism

Voyeurism broadly is the idea of looking to gain sexual pleasure and was put forward by Freud. It has been argued that the males gaze at the screen is geared toward voyeurism. Goodwin argues that females will often be objectified in music videos through camerawork and close ups of the female body.

Although it raises the question of female artists using male dancers in their videos, and how females might respond

Narrative and Performance

There are rarely songs that have a beginning, middle and end. This is the same for (most) music videos, which often just suggest storylines or offer complex fragments of them in a non linear order. This cause the viewer to want to watch the video again in order to catch the fragments missed on the first viewing.

A narrative within a music video allows the viewer access to the artist in much greater ways than a stage performance, as they would be presented in a much more different way than in a live concert.